Limitations of Bohr's Model

Although Bohr's model of hydrogen atom and hyarogen like atom was successful in explaining the stability and spectrum even then it has few limitations. which are as follows:

(1) This model could not explain the spectrum of atom having more than one electron.

(2) This model could not explain the relative intensity of spectral lines. (i. e., few transitions are more acceptable than others why?)

(3) When a spectral line is observed by spectroscope of high resolution power, more than one lines are observed. This is known as fine structure of spectral line. Bohr model could not explain this.

(4) Splitting of spectral lines in external magnetic field (Zeeman's effect) and in external electric field (Stark's effect) could not be explained by this model.

(5) This model could not explain the distribution of electrons in different orbit.

Few limitations of Bohr's model are removed in Somer-field's model of atom. (In this model, the orbit of electron was considered as elliptical instead of circular ). But this model also has its limitations. Vector atomic model, which is based on quantum mechanics, explains clearly the structure of atom.

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  • The electric potential at different points of the electric dipole

  • The electric potential energy of an electric dipole in the uniform electric field

  • The electric potential energy of a system of Charges


  • Gaussian Surface and its Properties

  • Gauss's Law for Electric Flux and Derivation

  • Electric field intensity due to point charge by Gauss's Law

  • Electric field Intensity due to a uniformly charged Spherical Shell

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  • Capacitance of an Isolated Spherical Conductor

  • Potential Energy of a Charged Conductor

  • Parallel Plate Air Capacitor and Its Capacitance

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  • Force between the plates of a Charged Parallel Plate Capacitor

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  • Wheatstone's Bridge

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  • Physical interpretation of the wave function

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  • Galilean Transformation Equations and Failure of Galilean Relativity

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  • Consequences of Lorentz's Transformation Equations

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  • Derivation of Addition of Velocity in Special Relativity

  • Variation of Mass with Velocity in Relativity

  • Einstein’s Mass Energy Relation Derivation



  • Nuclear Force and Its Properties

  • Weak nuclear force or interaction and its properties

  • Radioactive Decay and its types

  • Mass Defect, Binding Energy and Binding Energy per nucleon

  • Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion

  • Binding Energy Curve

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  • Safety measures for nuclear power plants



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  • Work Energy Theorem Statement and Derivation

  • Conservative force and Non Conservative force

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  • Relation between angular velocity and linear velocity

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