Alternating Current Circuit containing Resistance (R-Circuit): Let us consider, An alternating current circuit containing resistance $R$ only. This resistance $R$ is connected with an alternating EMF i.e electromotive force source i.e.
$E=E_{\circ}sin\omega t\qquad(1)$
The potential difference across the circuit
$E=iR$
Then from equation $(1)$
$iR=E_{\circ}sin\omega t $
$i=\frac{E_{\circ}}{R}sin\omega t $
$i=i_{\circ}sin\omega t \qquad(2) $
Where $i_{\circ}$ is the peak value or amplitude of the current in the circuit which has value $i_{\circ}=\frac{E_{\circ}}{R}$.
Now compare the equation $(1)$ and equation $(2)$ which shows that if a circuit is containing a resistor only then the current is always in phase with the applied EMF i.e electromotive force. The phase diagram between EMF and the current of resistance is shown below-
The phasor diagram between the EMF and current of resistance is also shown in the given figure below-
Angle of Acceptance → If incident angle of light on the core for which the incident angle on the core-cladding interface equals the critical angle then incident angle of light on the core is called the "Angle of Acceptance. Transmission of light when the incident angle is equal to the acceptance angle If the incident angle is greater than the acceptance angle i.e. $\theta_{i}>\theta_{0}$ then the angle of incidence on the core-cladding interface will be less than the critical angle due to which part of the incident light is transmitted into cladding as shown in the figure below Transmission of light when the incident angle is greater than the acceptance angle If the incident angle is less than the acceptance angle i.e. $\theta_{i}<\theta_{0}$ then the angle of incidence on the core-cladding interface will be greater than the critical angle for which total internal reflection takes place inside the core. As shown in the figure below Transmission of lig
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