Planck's quantum hypothesis with its application and extension to explain the black body radiation like the photo-electric effect, the Compton effect, the variation of specific heat of solid with temperature and the spectrum of hydrogen is now called the Old quantum theory. Through these phenomena are successfully explained by the theory, there are numerous drawbacks of the theory. A few of them are as follows.
1.) Bohr's quantization rules are arbitrary. The theory does not provide a physical explanation for the assumptions.
2.) The old quantum theory cannot be applied to explain the spectra of helium and of more complex atoms.
3.) It can provide only a qualitative and incomplete explanation of the intensities of the spectral lines.
4.) It can not explain the dispersion of light.
5.) The theory of non-harmonic vibrations of systems cannot be applied to explain the vibrations of systems.
Angle of Acceptance → If incident angle of light on the core for which the incident angle on the core-cladding interface equals the critical angle then incident angle of light on the core is called the "Angle of Acceptance. Transmission of light when the incident angle is equal to the acceptance angle If the incident angle is greater than the acceptance angle i.e. $\theta_{i}>\theta_{0}$ then the angle of incidence on the core-cladding interface will be less than the critical angle due to which part of the incident light is transmitted into cladding as shown in the figure below Transmission of light when the incident angle is greater than the acceptance angle If the incident angle is less than the acceptance angle i.e. $\theta_{i}<\theta_{0}$ then the angle of incidence on the core-cladding interface will be greater than the critical angle for which total internal reflection takes place inside the core. As shown in the figure below Transmission of lig
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