Physics Vidyapith ✍️

Current Carrying Solenoid: The Solenoid is an artificial magnet which is used for different purposes. Principle of Solenoid: The principle of the solenoid is based on the "Ampere Circuital Law" and its magnetic field is raised due to the current carrying a circular loop. Construction of Solenoid: The current carrying solenoid is consist of insulated cylindrical material and conducting wire. The conducting wire like copper is wrapped closely around the insulated cylindrical material ( like cardboard, clay, or plastic). The end faces of the conducting wire are connected to the battery. Long Current Carrying Solenoid Working: When the electric current flow in the solenoid then a field (i.e. Magnetic field) is produced around and within the current carrying solenoid. This magnetic field is produced in solenoid due to circular loops of the solenoid and the direction of the magnetic field is depend upon the direction of the electric current flow i

Comparison of Step Index Fibres and Graded Index Fibres(GRIN)→ S.No. Step Index Fibre Graded Index Fibre 1. In a step-index fibre, the refractive index of the core a constant value. In graded-index fibre, the refractive index in the core decreases continuously in a nearly parabolic manner from a maximum value at the centre of the core to a constant value at the core-cladding interface. 2. For a step-index fibre, the variation of refractive index is mathematically expressed as, $\begin{cases} & \mu(r)=\mu_{1} \qquad 0 < r < a \quad for (core)\\ & \mu(r)=\mu_{2} \qquad r >a \quad for(Cladding)\\ \end{cases} \\ Where \: \mu_{1} > \mu{2} $ Parabolic refractive index variation in GRIN fibre is mathematically expressed as, $ \begin{cases} & \mu^{2}(r)=\mu^{2}_{1} \left[ 1- \left(\frac{r}{\alpha} \right)^{2} \

Comparison of Single-Mode Index Fibres and Multimode Index Fibres→ S.No. Single Mode Index Fibre Multimode Index Fibre 1. In single mode index fibre, the diameter of the core is very small and is of the same order as the wavelength of light to be propagated. It is in the range $5\mu m - 10 \mu m$. The Cladding diameter is about $125 \mu m$. In multimode index fibre, the diameter of the core is large. It is in the range $30\mu m - 100 \mu m$. The Cladding diameter is in the range $125 \mu m - 500 \mu m$. 2. The difference in refractive indices of the core and cladding material is very small. The difference in the refractive indices of the core and the cladding materials is large. 3. In single-mode fibre, only a single mode is propagated. In multi-mode fibre, a large number of modes can be propagated. 4. Single mod fibre does require a much more sophisticated li

Difference between Fraunhofer Diffraction and Fresnel Diffraction→ S.No. Fresnel Diffraction Fraunhofer Diffraction 1. The distance between source to slit and slit to screen is finite. The distance between source to slit and slit to screen is infinite. 2. The shape of the incident wavefront on the slit is spherical or cylindrical. The shape of the incident wavefront on the slit is plane. 3. The shape of the incident wavefront on the screen is spherical or cylindrical. The shape of the incident wavefront on the screen is a plane. 4. There is a path difference created between the rays before entering the slit. This path difference depends on the distance between the source and slit. There is not any path difference between the rays before entering the slit. 5. Path difference between the rays forming the diffraction pattern depends on the